https://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/44/44-2/44-2-PP237-252_JETS.pdf (accessed 9 September 2019)
The vindication of the saints
is accompanied by the complete curtailing of the most characteristic activity
of the dragon on earth: deceiving the nations. Yet Satan’s binding is for “a
short time”, anticipating his release, and final rebellion and destruction after
the millennium in 20:7–10.
The binding, release, and
final judgment of Satan may simply reflect a traditional apocalyptic motif as
found in Isa 24:21–22; 1 Enoch 10:4–6, 11–13; and Jude 6, which reflect the
common themes of binding and imprisonment of demonic beings (Azazel in 1 Enoch 10:4) until a future time of judgment.
The parallels between Rev
20:1–10 and 1 Enoch 10:4–6 are
particularly close: (1) an angel binds Azazel (10:4; Rev 20:1–2); (2) Azazel is
imprisoned in darkness and sealed over for a period of time (10:4–5; Rev 20:3);
(3) the binding lasts until the day of judgment when Azazel is thrown into the
fire (10:6; Rev 20:3, 7–10); (4) the binding renders Azazel incapable of
corrupting the people with false teaching (10:7–8; Rev 20:3). John has taken
over and adapted a traditional apocalyptic theme of the binding of the
demonic/Satan and has integrated it into his own eschatological scenario of the
final battle (20:7–10) and the final vindication of the saints (20:4–6). Thus,
the binding and subsequent judgment of Satan are also not meant to communicate
chronological information, but the thematic idea of the judgment of Satan using
a traditional apocalyptic motif. The binding and judgment of Satan in vv. 1–3,
like the millennium of vv. 4–6, function as part of the complex of events that
will transpire at the Parousia.
The inclusion of the one
thousand year reign of the saints between the two parallel scenes of the final
battle can be explained in three ways. First, at this point John seems to be
following Dan 7:9–14. Daniel 7 envisions the destruction of the beast at the
end of history and the transference of his authority to the Son of Man and the
saints with him. The judgment of the beast and the saints’ enemies is a
necessary prelude for the reign of the saints. Therefore, the destruction of
the beast and all evil in Revelation “requires as its positive counterpart that
judgment be given in favour of the martyrs, who must be vindicated and
rewarded.”
Second, and related to this,
the mention of the saints seated on thrones in 20:4–6 suggests not only reigning
but judging (cf. Dan 7:22; Luke 22:30; 1 Cor 6:2). The saints carry out their
judicial function by ruling over and defeating the enemies in 19:11–21; 20:7–11.
Finally, by placing the
vision of the final vindication of the saints in 20:4–6 immediately prior to
the account of the final eschatological battle in vv. 7–11, John emphasizes
that the vindication and victory of the saints is irreversible and secure.
Satan’s last-ditch effort to thwart the saints is no contest at all and ends up
in inevitable failure (vv. 9–10). God’s word on the matter is final.